The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957
Administered Ministry: Ministry of Mines
Section
Section 1 Short title, extent and commencement. 3 docs
(1)This Act may be called the Mines and Minerals 1(Development and Regulation) Act, 1957.
(2) It extends to the whole of India.
(3) It shall come into force on such date2 as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint.
(2) It extends to the whole of India.
(3) It shall come into force on such date2 as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint.
1. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 3, for "(Regulation and Development)" (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
2. 1st June, 1958, vide notification No. G.S.R. 432, dated 29th May, 1958, see Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, sec. 3(i).
2. 1st June, 1958, vide notification No. G.S.R. 432, dated 29th May, 1958, see Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, sec. 3(i).
Section 2 Declaration as to expediency of Union Control.
It is hereby declared that it is expedient in the public interest that the Union should take under its control the regulation of mines 1[and mineral bearing lands] and the development of minerals to the extent hereinafter provided.
1. Ins. by Act 20 of 2026, s. 2 (w.e.f. 22-8-2026).
Section 3 Definitions.
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,---
1[(a) "composite licence" means the prospecting licence-cum-mining lease which is a two stage concession granted for the purpose of undertaking prospecting operations followed by mining operations in a seamless manner;
(aa) "dispatch" means the removal of minerals or mineral products from the leased area and includes the consumption of minerals and mineral products within such leased area;
2[(aaa) "exploration licence" means a licence granted for undertaking reconnaissance operations or prospecting operations or both in respect of minerals specified in the Seventh Schedule;]
(ab) "Government company" shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in clause (45) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013);
(ac) "leased area" means the area specified in the mining lease within which the mining operations can be undertaken and includes the non-mineralized area required and approved for the activities falling under the definition of "mine" as referred to in clause (i);
(ad) "minerals" includes all minerals except minerals oils;
12[(ada) “mineral bearing land” means any land having the mineral contents in accordance with the parameters prescribed under clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section 5;]
(ae) "minerals concession" means either a reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence, minig lease, composite licence 2[, exploration licence] or a combination of any of these and the expression "concession" shall be construed accordingly;]
3[(af) "mineral exchange" means an electronic trading platform or marketplace registered in accordance with the provisions of this Act, where buyers and sellers of minerals, its concentrate or its processed forms (including metals), transact, trade and enter into contract, including in derivatives;]
(b) "mineral oils" includes natural gas and petroleum;
(c) "mining lease" means a lease granted for the purpose of undertaking mining operations, and includes a sub-lease granted for such purpose;
(d) "mining operations" means any operations undertaken for the purpose of winning any mineral;
(e) "minor minerals" means building stones, gravel, ordinary clay, ordinary sand other than sand used for prescribed purposes, and any other mineral which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare to be a minor mineral;
4(ea) "notified minerals" means any mineral specified in the Fourth Schedule;]
(f) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act;
5[(fa) "production" or any derivative of the word "production" means the winning or raising of mineral within the leased area for the purpose of processing or dispatch;]
(g) "prospecting licence" means a licence granted for the purpose of undertaking prospecting operations;
6* * * * *
(h) "prospecting operations" means any operations undertaken for the purpose of exploring, locating or proving mineral deposit ; 7***
8[9[(ha) "reconnaissance operations" means any operations undertaken for preliminary prospecting of a mineral through regional, aerial, geophysical or geochemical surveys and geological mapping, and include pitting, trenching, drilling and sub-surface excavation;]
(hb) "reconnaissance permit" means a permit granted for the purpose of undertaking reconnaissance operations; 10***]
5[(hba) "Schedule" means the Schedules appended to the Act;]
4[(hc) "Special Court" means a Court of Session designated as Special Court under sub-section (1) of section 30B; and]
(i) the expressions, "mine" and "owner", have the meaning assigned to them in 11[the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 (37 of 2020)]
5[Explanation.--- For the purpose of this clause, ---
(i) a mine continues to be a mine till exhaustion of its mineable mineral reserve and a mine may have different owners during different times from the grant of first mining lease till exhaustion of such mineable mineral reserve;
(ii) the expression "mineral reserve" means the economically minearble part of a measured and indicated mineral resource.]
1. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 3, for clause (a) and (aa) (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
2. Ins. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 2 (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
3. Ins. by Act 28 of 2025, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1-9-2025).
4. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 2 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
5. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 3 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
6. Cl. (ga) omitted by s. 3, ibid (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
7. The word "and" omitted by Act 38 of 1999, s. 4 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
8. Ins. by s. 4, ibid. (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
9. Subs. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 2, for clause (ha) (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
10. The word "and" omitted by Act 10 of 2015, s. 2 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
11. Ins. by Act 20 of 2026, s. 3 (w.e.f. 22 -8-2026).
12. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 3, for “the Mines Act, 1952 (35 of 1952)” (w.e.f. 9-12-2025).
Section 4 Prospecting or mining operations to be under licence or lease.
(1) 1[No person shall undertake any reconnaissance, prospecting or mining operations in any area, except under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a reconnaissance permit or of a prospecting licence 2[or of a exploration licence] or, as the case may be, of a mining lease, granted under this Act and the rules made thereunder]:
Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall affect any prospecting or mining operations undertaken in any area in accordance with terms and conditions of a prospecting licence 2[or of a exploration licence], mining lease granted before the commencement of this Act which is in force at such commencement:
3[Provided further that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to any prospecting operations undertaken by the Geological Survey of India, the Indian Bureau of Mines, 4[the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research] of the Department of Atomic Energy of the Central Government, the Directorates of Mining and Geology of any State Government (by whatever name called), and the Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited., a Government company within the meaning of 5[clause (45) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013), and any 6[other entities including private entities that may be notified for this purpose, subject to such conditions as may be specified by the Central Government]]:]
7[Provided also that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to any mining lease (whether called mining lease mining concession or by any other name) in force immediately before the commencement of this Act in the Union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu.]
8[(1A) No person shall transport or store or cause to be transported or stored any mineral otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder.]
(2) 9[No 10[mineral concession]] shall be granted otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder.
7[(3)Any State Government may, after prior consultation with the Central Government and in accordance with the rule made under section 18, 11[undertake reconnaissance, prospecting or mining operations with respect to any mineral specified in the First Schedule in any area within that State which is not already held under any 10[mineral concession]].]
Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall affect any prospecting or mining operations undertaken in any area in accordance with terms and conditions of a prospecting licence 2[or of a exploration licence], mining lease granted before the commencement of this Act which is in force at such commencement:
3[Provided further that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to any prospecting operations undertaken by the Geological Survey of India, the Indian Bureau of Mines, 4[the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research] of the Department of Atomic Energy of the Central Government, the Directorates of Mining and Geology of any State Government (by whatever name called), and the Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited., a Government company within the meaning of 5[clause (45) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013), and any 6[other entities including private entities that may be notified for this purpose, subject to such conditions as may be specified by the Central Government]]:]
7[Provided also that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to any mining lease (whether called mining lease mining concession or by any other name) in force immediately before the commencement of this Act in the Union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu.]
8[(1A) No person shall transport or store or cause to be transported or stored any mineral otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder.]
(2) 9[No 10[mineral concession]] shall be granted otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder.
7[(3)Any State Government may, after prior consultation with the Central Government and in accordance with the rule made under section 18, 11[undertake reconnaissance, prospecting or mining operations with respect to any mineral specified in the First Schedule in any area within that State which is not already held under any 10[mineral concession]].]
1. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 5, for certain words (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
2. Ins. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 3 (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
3. Ins. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 2 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
4. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 5, for "the Atomic Minerals Division" (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
5. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 3, for "section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)" (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
6. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 4, for certain words (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
7. Ins. by Act 16 of 1987, s. 14 (w.e.f. 1-10-1963).
8. Ins. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 5 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
9. Subs. by s. 5, ibid., "No prospecting licence or mining lease" (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
10. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 2, for "reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
11. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 5, for certain words (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
2. Ins. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 3 (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
3. Ins. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 2 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
4. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 5, for "the Atomic Minerals Division" (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
5. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 3, for "section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)" (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
6. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 4, for certain words (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
7. Ins. by Act 16 of 1987, s. 14 (w.e.f. 1-10-1963).
8. Ins. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 5 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
9. Subs. by s. 5, ibid., "No prospecting licence or mining lease" (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
10. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 2, for "reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
11. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 5, for certain words (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
Section 4A Termination of prospecting licences, exploration licences or mining leases.
1[ 2[4A.Termination of prospecting licences, exploration licences or mining leases.]--- (1) Where the Central Government, after consultation with the State Government, is of opinion that it is expedient in the interest of regulation of mines and mineral development, preservation of natural environment, control of floods, prevention of pollution, or to avoid danger to public health or communications or to ensure safety of buildings, monuments or other structures or for conservation of mineral resources or for maintaining safety in the mines or for such other purposes, as the Central Government may deem fit, it may request the State Government to make a premature termination of a 3[prospecting licence or exploration licence] or mining lease in respect of any mineral other than a minor mineral in any area or part thereof, and, on receipt of such request, the State Government shall make an order making a premature termination of such 3[prospecting licence or exploration licence] or mining lease with respect to the area or any part thereof.
(2) Where the State Government 4*** is of opinion that it is expedient in the interest of regulation of mines and mineral development, preservation of natural environment, control of floods, prevention of pollution or to avoid danger to public health or communications or to ensure safety of buildings, monuments or other structures or for such other purposes, as the State Government may deem fit, it may, by an order, in respect of any minor mineral, make premature termination of prospecting licence or mining lease with respect to the area or any part thereof covered by such licence or lease.
5[* * * * *]
(3) No order making a premature termination of a prospecting licence 6[or exploration licence] or mining lease shall be, made except after giving the holder of the licence or lease a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
(4) Where the holder of a mining lease fails to undertake 6[production and dispatch] for a period of 8[two years] after the date of execution of the lease or having commenced 7[production and dispatch], has discontinued the same for a period of 8[two years], the lease shall lapse on the expiry of the period of 8[two years] from the date of execution of the lease or, as the case may be, discontinuance of the 7[production and dispatch]:
9[Provided that the State Government may, on an application made by the holder of such lease before it lapses and on being satisfied that it shall not be possible for the holder of the lease to undertake production and dispatch or to continue such production and dispatch for reasons beyond his control, make anorder, within a period of three months from the date of receipt of such application,to extend the period of two years by a further period not exceeding one year andsuch extension shall not be granted for more than once during the entire period of lease:
Provided further that such lease shall lapse on failure to undertake production and dispatch or having commenced the production and dispatch fails to continue the same before the end of such extended period].]
(2) Where the State Government 4*** is of opinion that it is expedient in the interest of regulation of mines and mineral development, preservation of natural environment, control of floods, prevention of pollution or to avoid danger to public health or communications or to ensure safety of buildings, monuments or other structures or for such other purposes, as the State Government may deem fit, it may, by an order, in respect of any minor mineral, make premature termination of prospecting licence or mining lease with respect to the area or any part thereof covered by such licence or lease.
(3) No order making a premature termination of a prospecting licence 6[or exploration licence] or mining lease shall be, made except after giving the holder of the licence or lease a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
(4) Where the holder of a mining lease fails to undertake 6[production and dispatch] for a period of 8[two years] after the date of execution of the lease or having commenced 7[production and dispatch], has discontinued the same for a period of 8[two years], the lease shall lapse on the expiry of the period of 8[two years] from the date of execution of the lease or, as the case may be, discontinuance of the 7[production and dispatch]:
9[Provided that the State Government may, on an application made by the holder of such lease before it lapses and on being satisfied that it shall not be possible for the holder of the lease to undertake production and dispatch or to continue such production and dispatch for reasons beyond his control, make anorder, within a period of three months from the date of receipt of such application,to extend the period of two years by a further period not exceeding one year andsuch extension shall not be granted for more than once during the entire period of lease:
Provided further that such lease shall lapse on failure to undertake production and dispatch or having commenced the production and dispatch fails to continue the same before the end of such extended period].]
1. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 3, for section 4A (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
2. Subs. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 4, for the marginal heading (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
3. Subs. by s. 4, ibid., for prospecting license (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
4. The words , after consultation with the Central Government, omitted by Act 25 of 1994, s. 2 (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
5. Proviso omitted by Act 38 of 1999, s. 6 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
6. Ins. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 4 (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
7. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 5, for mining operations (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
8. Subs. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 2, for one year (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
9. The provisos first, second, third and fourth subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 5 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
2. Subs. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 4, for the marginal heading (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
3. Subs. by s. 4, ibid., for prospecting license (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
4. The words , after consultation with the Central Government, omitted by Act 25 of 1994, s. 2 (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
5. Proviso omitted by Act 38 of 1999, s. 6 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
6. Ins. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 4 (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
7. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 5, for mining operations (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
8. Subs. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 2, for one year (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
9. The provisos first, second, third and fourth subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 5 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
Section 4B Conditions for efficiency in production.
1[4B. Conditions for efficiency in production-- Notwithstanding anything contained in section 4A, the Central Government may, in the interest of maintaining sustained production of minerals in the country, prescribe such conditions as may be necessary for commencement and continuation of production by the holders of mining leases who have acquired rights, approvals, clearances and the like under section 8B.]
1. Ins. by Act 2 of 2020, s. 2 (w.e.f. 10-1-2020).
Section 5 Restrictions on the grant of mineral concession.
1[2[5. Restrictions on the grant of mineral concession.]--- 3[(1) A State Government shall not grant a 4[mineral concession] to any person unless such person--
(a) is an Indian national, or company as defined in 5[clause (20) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013)]; and
(b) satisfies such conditions as may be prescribed:
6[Provided that in respect of any mineral specified in Part A and Part B of the First Schedule, no 4[mineral concession] shall be granted except with the previous approval of the Central Government.]
7[Provided further that the previous approval of the Central Government shall not be required for grant of 2[mineral concession] in respect of the minerals specified in Part A of the First Schedule, where,---
(i) an allocation order has been issued by the Central Government under section 11A; or
(ii) a notification of reservation of area has been issued by the Central Government or the State Government under sub-section (1A) or sub-section (2) of section 17A; or
(iii) a vesting order or an allotment order has been issued by the Central Government under the provisions of the Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015 (11 of 2015).]
Explanation.--- For the purposes of this sub-section, a person shall be deemed to be an Indian national,---
(a) in the case of a firm or other association of individuals, only if all the members of the firm or members of the association are citizens of India; and
(b) in the case of an individual, only if he is a citizen of India.]
8[Provided also that the composite licence or mining lease shall not be granted for an area to any person other than the Government, Government company or corporation, in respect of any minerals specified in Part B of the First Schedule where the grade of such mineral in such area is equal to or above such threshold value as may be notified by the Central Government.]
(2) No mining lease shall be granted by the State Government unless it is satisfied that--
9[(a) there is evidence to show the existence of mineral contents in the area for which the application for a mining lease has been made in accordance with such parameters as may be prescribed for this purpose by the Central Government;]
(b) there is a mining plan duly approved by the Central Government, or by the State Government, in respect of such category of mines as may be specified by the Central Government, for the development of mineral deposits in the area concerned:]
10[Provided that a mining lease may be granted upon the filing of a mining plan in accordance with a system established by the State Government for preparation, certification, and monitoring of such plan, with the approval of the Central Government.]
(a) is an Indian national, or company as defined in 5[clause (20) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013)]; and
(b) satisfies such conditions as may be prescribed:
6[Provided that in respect of any mineral specified in Part A and Part B of the First Schedule, no 4[mineral concession] shall be granted except with the previous approval of the Central Government.]
7[Provided further that the previous approval of the Central Government shall not be required for grant of 2[mineral concession] in respect of the minerals specified in Part A of the First Schedule, where,---
(i) an allocation order has been issued by the Central Government under section 11A; or
(ii) a notification of reservation of area has been issued by the Central Government or the State Government under sub-section (1A) or sub-section (2) of section 17A; or
(iii) a vesting order or an allotment order has been issued by the Central Government under the provisions of the Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015 (11 of 2015).]
Explanation.--- For the purposes of this sub-section, a person shall be deemed to be an Indian national,---
(a) in the case of a firm or other association of individuals, only if all the members of the firm or members of the association are citizens of India; and
(b) in the case of an individual, only if he is a citizen of India.]
8[Provided also that the composite licence or mining lease shall not be granted for an area to any person other than the Government, Government company or corporation, in respect of any minerals specified in Part B of the First Schedule where the grade of such mineral in such area is equal to or above such threshold value as may be notified by the Central Government.]
(2) No mining lease shall be granted by the State Government unless it is satisfied that--
9[(a) there is evidence to show the existence of mineral contents in the area for which the application for a mining lease has been made in accordance with such parameters as may be prescribed for this purpose by the Central Government;]
(b) there is a mining plan duly approved by the Central Government, or by the State Government, in respect of such category of mines as may be specified by the Central Government, for the development of mineral deposits in the area concerned:]
10[Provided that a mining lease may be granted upon the filing of a mining plan in accordance with a system established by the State Government for preparation, certification, and monitoring of such plan, with the approval of the Central Government.]
1. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 4, for section 5 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
2. Subs. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 5, for the marginal heading (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
3. Subs. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 3, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
4. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 2, "reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
5. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 5, for "sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)" (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
6. Subs. by s. 5, ibid., for the proviso (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
7. Ins. by Act 2 of 2020, s. 3 (w.e.f. 10-1-2020).
8. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 6 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
9. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 5, for clause (a) (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
10. Ins. by s. 5, ibid. (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
2. Subs. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 5, for the marginal heading (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
3. Subs. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 3, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
4. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 2, "reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
5. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 5, for "sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)" (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
6. Subs. by s. 5, ibid., for the proviso (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
7. Ins. by Act 2 of 2020, s. 3 (w.e.f. 10-1-2020).
8. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 6 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
9. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 5, for clause (a) (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
10. Ins. by s. 5, ibid. (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
Section 6 Maximum area for which mineral concession may be granted.
1[ 6. Maximum area for which mineral concession may be granted.]--- 2[(1) No person shall acquire 3*** in respect of any mineral or prescribed group of associated minerals 4[in a State]--
(a) one or more prospecting licences covering a total area of more than twenty-five square kilometres; or
4[(aa) one or more reconnaissance permit covering a total area of ten thousand square kilometres:
Provided that the area granted under a single reconnaissance permit shall not exceed five thousand square kilometers; or]
5[(ab) one or more exploration licences covering a total area of more than five thousand square kilometres:
Provided that the area granted under a single exploration licence shall not exceed one thousand square kilometres;]
(b) one or more mining leases covering a total area of more than ten square kilometres:
6[Provided that if the Central Government is of the opinion that in the interest of the development of any mineral or industry, it is necessary so to do, it may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, increase the aforesaid area limits in respect of prospecting licence or mining lease, in so far as it pertains to any particular mineral, or to any specified category of deposits of such mineral, or to any particular mineral located in any particular area.]
7[(c) any 8[mineral concession] in respect of any area which is not compact or contiguous:
Provided that if the State Government is of opinion that in the interests of the development of any mineral, it is necessary so to do, it may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, permit any person to acquire a 8[mineral concession] in relation to any area which is not compact or contiguous.]]
(2) For the purposes of this section, a person acquiring by, or in the name of, another person a 9[mineral concession] which is intended for himself shall be deemed to be acquiring it himself.
10[(3) For the purposes of determining the total area referred to in sub-section (1), the area held under a 9[mineral concession] by a person as a member of a co-operative society, company or other corporation or a Hindu undivided family or a partner of a firm, shall be deducted from the area referred to in subsection (1) so that the sum total of the area held by such person, under a 9[mineral concession], whether as such member or partner, or individually, may not, in any case, exceed the total area specified in sub-section (1).]
(a) one or more prospecting licences covering a total area of more than twenty-five square kilometres; or
4[(aa) one or more reconnaissance permit covering a total area of ten thousand square kilometres:
Provided that the area granted under a single reconnaissance permit shall not exceed five thousand square kilometers; or]
5[(ab) one or more exploration licences covering a total area of more than five thousand square kilometres:
Provided that the area granted under a single exploration licence shall not exceed one thousand square kilometres;]
(b) one or more mining leases covering a total area of more than ten square kilometres:
6[Provided that if the Central Government is of the opinion that in the interest of the development of any mineral or industry, it is necessary so to do, it may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, increase the aforesaid area limits in respect of prospecting licence or mining lease, in so far as it pertains to any particular mineral, or to any specified category of deposits of such mineral, or to any particular mineral located in any particular area.]
7[(c) any 8[mineral concession] in respect of any area which is not compact or contiguous:
Provided that if the State Government is of opinion that in the interests of the development of any mineral, it is necessary so to do, it may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, permit any person to acquire a 8[mineral concession] in relation to any area which is not compact or contiguous.]]
(2) For the purposes of this section, a person acquiring by, or in the name of, another person a 9[mineral concession] which is intended for himself shall be deemed to be acquiring it himself.
10[(3) For the purposes of determining the total area referred to in sub-section (1), the area held under a 9[mineral concession] by a person as a member of a co-operative society, company or other corporation or a Hindu undivided family or a partner of a firm, shall be deducted from the area referred to in subsection (1) so that the sum total of the area held by such person, under a 9[mineral concession], whether as such member or partner, or individually, may not, in any case, exceed the total area specified in sub-section (1).]
1. Subs by Act 16 of 2023, s. 6, for the marginal heading (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
2. Subs. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 3, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
3. The words "in any one State" omitted by Act 37 of 1986, s. 5 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
4. Ins. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 8 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
5. Ins. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 6 (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
6. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 6, for the proviso (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
7. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 8, for clause (c) (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
8. Subs. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 6, for "reconnaissance permit, mining lease or prospecting licence" (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
9. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 2, "reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
10. Ins. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 3 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
2. Subs. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 3, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
3. The words "in any one State" omitted by Act 37 of 1986, s. 5 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
4. Ins. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 8 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
5. Ins. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 6 (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
6. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 6, for the proviso (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
7. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 8, for clause (c) (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
8. Subs. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 6, for "reconnaissance permit, mining lease or prospecting licence" (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
9. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 2, "reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
10. Ins. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 3 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
Section 6A Inclusion of contiguous area in the leased area or area under composite licence in case of deep-seated minerals.
1[6A. Inclusion of contiguous area in the leased area or area under composite licence in case of deep-seated minerals.--- (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 10,---
(a) a holder of a mining lease of deep-seated mineral, may apply for a one-time extension of the existing leased area to include therein a contiguous area not exceeding ten per cent. of the existing leased area;
(b) a holder of a composite licence in respect of deep-seated mineral, may apply for a one-time extension of the area under the composite licence, to include therein a contiguous area not exceeding thirty per cent. of the existing area under the licence.
(2) Upon receipt of such application, the State Government may extend the existing leased area or the area under composite licence, as the case may be, to include therein the contiguous area subject to such terms and conditions and on payment of such additional amount as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
Explanation.---For the purposes of this section, the expression "deep-seated minerals" means such minerals which occur at a depth of more than two hundred meters from the surface of land with poor surface manifestations.]
(a) a holder of a mining lease of deep-seated mineral, may apply for a one-time extension of the existing leased area to include therein a contiguous area not exceeding ten per cent. of the existing leased area;
(b) a holder of a composite licence in respect of deep-seated mineral, may apply for a one-time extension of the area under the composite licence, to include therein a contiguous area not exceeding thirty per cent. of the existing area under the licence.
(2) Upon receipt of such application, the State Government may extend the existing leased area or the area under composite licence, as the case may be, to include therein the contiguous area subject to such terms and conditions and on payment of such additional amount as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
Explanation.---For the purposes of this section, the expression "deep-seated minerals" means such minerals which occur at a depth of more than two hundred meters from the surface of land with poor surface manifestations.]
1. Ins. by Act 28 of 2025, s. 3 (w.e.f. 1-9-2025).
Section 7 Periods for which prospecting licences may be granted or renewed.
1[7. Periods for which prospecting licences may be granted or renewed.--(1) The period for which 2[a reconnaissance permit or prospecting licence] may be granted shall not exceed three years.
(2) A prospecting licence shall, if the State Government is satisfied that a longer period is required to enable the licensee to complete prospecting operations be renewed for such period or periods as that Government may specify:
Provided that the total period for which a prospecting licence is granted does not exceed five years:
Provided further that no prospecting licence granted in respect of 3[a mineral included in Part A and Part B to] the First Schedule shall be renewed except with the previous approval of the Central Government.]
(2) A prospecting licence shall, if the State Government is satisfied that a longer period is required to enable the licensee to complete prospecting operations be renewed for such period or periods as that Government may specify:
Provided that the total period for which a prospecting licence is granted does not exceed five years:
Provided further that no prospecting licence granted in respect of 3[a mineral included in Part A and Part B to] the First Schedule shall be renewed except with the previous approval of the Central Government.]
1. Subs. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 4, for section 7 (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
2. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 9, for "a prospecting licence" (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
3. Subs. by s. 9, ibid., for "a mineral included in" (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
2. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 9, for "a prospecting licence" (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
3. Subs. by s. 9, ibid., for "a mineral included in" (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
Section 8 Periods for which mining leases may be granted or renewed.
1[8. Periods for which mining leases may be granted or renewed.--(1) The provisions of this section shall apply to minerals specified in Part A of the First Schedule.
(2) The maximum period for which a mining lease may be granted shall not exceed thirty years:
Provided that the minimum period for which any such mining lease may be granted shall not be less than twenty years.
(3) A mining lease may be renewed for a period not exceeding twenty years with the previous approval of the Central Government.]
2[(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, in case of Government companies or corporations, the period of mining leases including the existing mining leases, shall be such as may be prescribed by the Central Government:
Provided that the period of mining leases, other than the mining leases grantedthrough auction, shall be extended on payment of such additional amount as specified in the Fifth Schedule:
Provided further that the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette and for reasons to be recorded in writing, amend the Fifth Schedule so as to modify the entries mentioned therein in the said Schedule with effect from such date as may be specified in the said notification.
(5) Any lessee may, where coal or lignite is used for captive purpose, sell suchcoal or lignite up to fifty per cent. of the total coal or lignite produced in a year aftermeeting the requirement of the end use plant linked with the mine in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government and on payment of such additional amount as specified in the Sixth Schedule:
Provided that the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette and for the reasons to be recorded in writing, increase the said percentage of coal orlignite that may be sold by a Government company or corporation:
Provided further that the sale of coal shall not be allowed from the coal mines allotted to a company or corporation that has been awarded a power project on the basis of competitive bid for tariff (including Ultra Mega Power Projects):
Provided also that the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette and for reasons to be recorded in writing, amend the Sixth Schedule so as tomodify the entries mentioned therein with effect from such date as may be specified inthe said notification.]
(2) The maximum period for which a mining lease may be granted shall not exceed thirty years:
Provided that the minimum period for which any such mining lease may be granted shall not be less than twenty years.
(3) A mining lease may be renewed for a period not exceeding twenty years with the previous approval of the Central Government.]
2[(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, in case of Government companies or corporations, the period of mining leases including the existing mining leases, shall be such as may be prescribed by the Central Government:
Provided that the period of mining leases, other than the mining leases grantedthrough auction, shall be extended on payment of such additional amount as specified in the Fifth Schedule:
Provided further that the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette and for reasons to be recorded in writing, amend the Fifth Schedule so as to modify the entries mentioned therein in the said Schedule with effect from such date as may be specified in the said notification.
(5) Any lessee may, where coal or lignite is used for captive purpose, sell suchcoal or lignite up to fifty per cent. of the total coal or lignite produced in a year aftermeeting the requirement of the end use plant linked with the mine in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government and on payment of such additional amount as specified in the Sixth Schedule:
Provided that the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette and for the reasons to be recorded in writing, increase the said percentage of coal orlignite that may be sold by a Government company or corporation:
Provided further that the sale of coal shall not be allowed from the coal mines allotted to a company or corporation that has been awarded a power project on the basis of competitive bid for tariff (including Ultra Mega Power Projects):
Provided also that the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette and for reasons to be recorded in writing, amend the Sixth Schedule so as tomodify the entries mentioned therein with effect from such date as may be specified inthe said notification.]
1. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 7, for section 8 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
2. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 7 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
2. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 7 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
Section 8A Period of grant of a mining lease for minerals other than coal, lignite and atomic minerals.
1[8A. Period of grant of a mining lease for minerals other than coal, lignite and atomic minerals.--(1) The provisions of this section shall apply to minerals other than those specified in Part A and Part B of the First Schedule.
(2) On and from the date of the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), all mining leases shall be granted for the period of fifty years.
(3) All mining leases granted before the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015) shall be deemed to have been granted for a period of fifty years.
(4) On the expiry of the lease period, the lease shall be put up for auction as per the procedure specified in this Act.
2[Provided that nothing contained in this section shall prevent the State Governments from taking an advance action for auction of the mining lease before the expiry of the lease period.]
(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sections (2), (3) and sub-section (4), the period of lease granted before the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), where mineral is used for captive purpose, shall be extended and be deemed to have been extended up to a period ending on the 31st March, 2030 with effect from the date of expiry of the period of renewal last made or till the completion of renewal period, if any, or a period of fifty years from the date of grant of such lease, whichever is later, subject to the condition that all the terms and conditions of the lease have been complied with.
(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sections (2), (3) and sub-section (4), the period of lease granted before the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), where mineral is used for other than captive purpose, shall be extended and be deemed to have been extended up to a period ending on the 31st March, 2020 with effect from the date of expiry of the period of renewal last made or till the completion of renewal period, if any, or a period of fifty years from the date of grant of such lease, whichever is later, subject to the condition that all the terms and conditions of the lease have been complied with.
(7) Any holder of a lease granted, where mineral is used for captive purpose, shall have the right of first refusal at the time of auction held for such lease after the expiry of the lease period.
3[(7A) Any lessee may, where mineral is used for captive purpose, sell mineral 4*** after meeting the requirement of the end use plant linked with the mine in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government and on payment of such additional amount as specified in the Sixth Schedule:
5[Provided that the State Government may permit sale of dumps which has been stacked up to such date as may be specified by the Central Government in the leased area on payment of additional amount specified in the Sixth Schedule:]
Provided further that the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette and for reasons to be recorded in writing, amend the Sixth Schedule so as to modify the entries mentioned therein with effect from such date as may be specified in the said notification.]
(8) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, the period of mining leases, including existing mining leases, of Government companies or corporations shall be such as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
6[Provided that the period of mining leases, other than the mining leases granted through auction, shall be extended on payment of such additional amount as specified in the Fifth Schedule:
Provided further that the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette and for reasons to be recorded in writing, amend the Fifth Schedule so as to modify the entries mentioned therein with effect from such date as maybe specified in the said notification.
Explanation.--For the removal of doubts, it is hereby clarified that all such Government companies or corporations whose mining lease has been extended after the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), shall also pay such additional amount as specified in the Fifth Schedule for the mineral produced after the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2021.]
(9) The provisions of this section, notwithstanding anything contained therein, shall not apply to a mining lease granted before the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), for which renewal has been rejected, or which has been determined, or lapsed.]
(2) On and from the date of the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), all mining leases shall be granted for the period of fifty years.
(3) All mining leases granted before the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015) shall be deemed to have been granted for a period of fifty years.
(4) On the expiry of the lease period, the lease shall be put up for auction as per the procedure specified in this Act.
2[Provided that nothing contained in this section shall prevent the State Governments from taking an advance action for auction of the mining lease before the expiry of the lease period.]
(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sections (2), (3) and sub-section (4), the period of lease granted before the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), where mineral is used for captive purpose, shall be extended and be deemed to have been extended up to a period ending on the 31st March, 2030 with effect from the date of expiry of the period of renewal last made or till the completion of renewal period, if any, or a period of fifty years from the date of grant of such lease, whichever is later, subject to the condition that all the terms and conditions of the lease have been complied with.
(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sections (2), (3) and sub-section (4), the period of lease granted before the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), where mineral is used for other than captive purpose, shall be extended and be deemed to have been extended up to a period ending on the 31st March, 2020 with effect from the date of expiry of the period of renewal last made or till the completion of renewal period, if any, or a period of fifty years from the date of grant of such lease, whichever is later, subject to the condition that all the terms and conditions of the lease have been complied with.
(7) Any holder of a lease granted, where mineral is used for captive purpose, shall have the right of first refusal at the time of auction held for such lease after the expiry of the lease period.
3[(7A) Any lessee may, where mineral is used for captive purpose, sell mineral 4*** after meeting the requirement of the end use plant linked with the mine in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government and on payment of such additional amount as specified in the Sixth Schedule:
5[Provided that the State Government may permit sale of dumps which has been stacked up to such date as may be specified by the Central Government in the leased area on payment of additional amount specified in the Sixth Schedule:]
Provided further that the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette and for reasons to be recorded in writing, amend the Sixth Schedule so as to modify the entries mentioned therein with effect from such date as may be specified in the said notification.]
(8) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, the period of mining leases, including existing mining leases, of Government companies or corporations shall be such as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
6[Provided that the period of mining leases, other than the mining leases granted through auction, shall be extended on payment of such additional amount as specified in the Fifth Schedule:
Provided further that the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette and for reasons to be recorded in writing, amend the Fifth Schedule so as to modify the entries mentioned therein with effect from such date as maybe specified in the said notification.
Explanation.--For the removal of doubts, it is hereby clarified that all such Government companies or corporations whose mining lease has been extended after the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), shall also pay such additional amount as specified in the Fifth Schedule for the mineral produced after the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2021.]
(9) The provisions of this section, notwithstanding anything contained therein, shall not apply to a mining lease granted before the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), for which renewal has been rejected, or which has been determined, or lapsed.]
1. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 8 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
2. Ins. by Act 2 of 2020, s. 4 (w.e.f. 10-1-2020).
3. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 8 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
4. The words "up to fifty per cent. of the total mineral produced in a year" omitted by Act 28 of 2025, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-9-2025).
5. Subs. by Act 28 of 2025, s. 4, for the proviso (w.e.f. 1-9-2025).
6. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 8 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
2. Ins. by Act 2 of 2020, s. 4 (w.e.f. 10-1-2020).
3. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 8 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
4. The words "up to fifty per cent. of the total mineral produced in a year" omitted by Act 28 of 2025, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-9-2025).
5. Subs. by Act 28 of 2025, s. 4, for the proviso (w.e.f. 1-9-2025).
6. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 8 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
Section 8B Provisions for transfer of statutory clearances.
1[8B. Provisions for period and transfer of statutory clearances.--- (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or any other law for the time being in force, all valid rights, approvals, clearances, licences and the like granted to a lessee in respect of a mine (other than those granted under the provisions of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 (33 of 1962), and the rules made thereunder) shall continue to be valid even after expiry or termination of lease and such rights, approvals, clearances, licences and the like shall be transferred to, and vested; subject to the conditions provided under such laws; in the successful bidder of the mining lease selected through auction under this Act:
Provided that where on the expiry of such lease period, mining lease has not been executed pursuant to an auction under provisions of sub-section (4) of section 8A, or lease executed pursuant to such auction has been terminated within a period of one year from such auction, the State Government may, with the previous approval of the Central Government, grant lease to a Government company or corporation for a period not exceeding ten years or till selection of new lessee through auction, whichever is earlier and such Government company or corporation shall be deemed to have acquired all valid rights, approvals, clearances, licences and the like vested with the previous lessee:
Provided further that the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 6 shall not apply where such mining lease is granted to a Government company or corporation under the first proviso:
Provided also that in case of atomic minerals having grade equal to or above the threshold value, all valid rights, approvals, clearances, licences and the like in respectof expired or terminated mining leases shall be deemed to have been transferred to, and vested in the Government company or corporation that has been subsequently granted the mining lease for the said mine.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, it shall be lawful for the new lessee to continue mining operations on the land till expiry or termination of mining lease granted to it, in which mining operations were being carried out by the previous lessee.]
Provided that where on the expiry of such lease period, mining lease has not been executed pursuant to an auction under provisions of sub-section (4) of section 8A, or lease executed pursuant to such auction has been terminated within a period of one year from such auction, the State Government may, with the previous approval of the Central Government, grant lease to a Government company or corporation for a period not exceeding ten years or till selection of new lessee through auction, whichever is earlier and such Government company or corporation shall be deemed to have acquired all valid rights, approvals, clearances, licences and the like vested with the previous lessee:
Provided further that the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 6 shall not apply where such mining lease is granted to a Government company or corporation under the first proviso:
Provided also that in case of atomic minerals having grade equal to or above the threshold value, all valid rights, approvals, clearances, licences and the like in respectof expired or terminated mining leases shall be deemed to have been transferred to, and vested in the Government company or corporation that has been subsequently granted the mining lease for the said mine.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, it shall be lawful for the new lessee to continue mining operations on the land till expiry or termination of mining lease granted to it, in which mining operations were being carried out by the previous lessee.]
1. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 9, for section 8B (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
Section 9 Royalties in respect of mining leases.
(1) The holder of a mining lease granted before the commencement of this Act shall, notwithstanding anything contained in the instrument of lease or in any law in force at such commencement, pay royalty in respect of any 1[mineral removed or consumed by him or by his agent, manager, employee, contractor or sub-lessee] from the leased area after such commencement, at the rate for the time being specified in the Second Schedule in respect of that mineral.
(2)The holder of a mining lease granted on or after the commencement of this Act shall pay royalty in respect of any 1[mineral removed or consumed by him or by his agent, manager, employee, contractor or sub-lessee] from the leased area at the rate for the time being specified in the Second Schedule in respect of that mineral.
2[(2A) The holder of a mining lease, whether granted before or after the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Amendment Act, 1972 (56 of 1972) shall not be liable to pay any royalty in respect of any coal consumed by a workman engaged in a colliery provided that such consumption by the workman does not exceed one-third of a tonne per month.]
(3)The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, amend the Second Schedule so as to enhance or reduce the rate at which royalty shall be payable in respect of any mineral with effect from such date as may be specified in the notification:
3[Provided that the Central Government shall not enhance the rate of royalty in respect of any mineral more than once during any period of 4[three years].]
(2)The holder of a mining lease granted on or after the commencement of this Act shall pay royalty in respect of any 1[mineral removed or consumed by him or by his agent, manager, employee, contractor or sub-lessee] from the leased area at the rate for the time being specified in the Second Schedule in respect of that mineral.
2[(2A) The holder of a mining lease, whether granted before or after the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Amendment Act, 1972 (56 of 1972) shall not be liable to pay any royalty in respect of any coal consumed by a workman engaged in a colliery provided that such consumption by the workman does not exceed one-third of a tonne per month.]
(3)The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, amend the Second Schedule so as to enhance or reduce the rate at which royalty shall be payable in respect of any mineral with effect from such date as may be specified in the notification:
3[Provided that the Central Government shall not enhance the rate of royalty in respect of any mineral more than once during any period of 4[three years].]
1. Subs. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 4, for "mineral removed by him" (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
2. Ins. by s. 4, ibid. (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
3. Subs. by s. 4, ibid., for the proviso (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
4. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 8, for "four years" (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
2. Ins. by s. 4, ibid. (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
3. Subs. by s. 4, ibid., for the proviso (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
4. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 8, for "four years" (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
Section 9A Dead rent to be paid by the lessee.
1[9A. Dead rent to be paid by the lessee.--(1) The holder of a mining lease, whether granted before or after the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Amendment Act, 1972, shall notwithstanding anything contained in the instrument of lease or in any other law for the lime being in force, pay to the State Government, every year, dead rent at such rate, as may be specified, for the time being, in the Third Schedule, for all the areas included in the instrument of lease:
Provided that where the holder of such mining lease becomes liable, under section 9, to pay royalty for any mineral removed or consumed by him or by his agent, manager, employee, contractor or sublessee from the leased area, he shall be liable to pay either such royalty, or the dead rent in respect of that area, whichever is greater.
(2) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, amend the Third Schedule so as to enhance or reduce the rate at which the dead rent shall be payable in respect of any area covered by a mining lease and such enhancement or reduction shall take effect from such date as may be specified in the notification:
Provided that the Central Government shall not enhance the rate of the dead rent in respect of any such area more than once during any period of 2[three years].]
Provided that where the holder of such mining lease becomes liable, under section 9, to pay royalty for any mineral removed or consumed by him or by his agent, manager, employee, contractor or sublessee from the leased area, he shall be liable to pay either such royalty, or the dead rent in respect of that area, whichever is greater.
(2) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, amend the Third Schedule so as to enhance or reduce the rate at which the dead rent shall be payable in respect of any area covered by a mining lease and such enhancement or reduction shall take effect from such date as may be specified in the notification:
Provided that the Central Government shall not enhance the rate of the dead rent in respect of any such area more than once during any period of 2[three years].]
1. Ins. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 5 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
2. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 9, for "four years" (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
2. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 9, for "four years" (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
Section 9B District Mineral Foundation. 3 docs
1[9B. District Mineral Foundation.--(1) In any district affected by mining related operations, the State Government shall, by notification, establish a trust, as a non-profit body, to be called the District Mineral Foundation.
(2) The object of the District Mineral Foundation shall be to work for the interest and benefit of persons, and areas affected by mining related operations in such manner as may be prescribed by the State Government.
(3) The composition and functions of the District Mineral Foundation shall be such as may be prescribed by the State Government.
2[Provided that the Central Government may give directions regarding composition and utilisation of fund by the District Mineral Foundation.]
(4) The State Government while making rules under sub-sections (2) and (3) shall be guided by the provisions contained in article 244 read with Fifth and Sixth Schedules to the Constitution relating to administration of the Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas and the Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (40 of 1996) and the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007).
(5) The holder of a mining lease or a 3[composite licence] granted on or after the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 4[,other than those covered under the provisions of sub-section (2) of section 10A], shall, in addition to the royalty, pay to the District Mineral Foundation of the district in which the mining operations are carried on, an amount which is equivalent to such percentage of the royalty paid in terms of the Second Schedule, not exceeding one-third of such royalty, as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
(6) The holder of a mining lease granted before the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 5[and those covered under the provisions of sub-section (2) of section 10A], shall, in addition to the royalty, pay to the District Mineral Foundation of the district in which the mining operations are carried on, an amount not exceeding the royalty paid in terms of the Second Schedule in such manner and subject to the categorisation of the mining leases and the amounts payable by the various categories of lease holders, as may be prescribed by the Central Government.]
(2) The object of the District Mineral Foundation shall be to work for the interest and benefit of persons, and areas affected by mining related operations in such manner as may be prescribed by the State Government.
(3) The composition and functions of the District Mineral Foundation shall be such as may be prescribed by the State Government.
2[Provided that the Central Government may give directions regarding composition and utilisation of fund by the District Mineral Foundation.]
(4) The State Government while making rules under sub-sections (2) and (3) shall be guided by the provisions contained in article 244 read with Fifth and Sixth Schedules to the Constitution relating to administration of the Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas and the Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (40 of 1996) and the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007).
(5) The holder of a mining lease or a 3[composite licence] granted on or after the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 4[,other than those covered under the provisions of sub-section (2) of section 10A], shall, in addition to the royalty, pay to the District Mineral Foundation of the district in which the mining operations are carried on, an amount which is equivalent to such percentage of the royalty paid in terms of the Second Schedule, not exceeding one-third of such royalty, as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
(6) The holder of a mining lease granted before the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 5[and those covered under the provisions of sub-section (2) of section 10A], shall, in addition to the royalty, pay to the District Mineral Foundation of the district in which the mining operations are carried on, an amount not exceeding the royalty paid in terms of the Second Schedule in such manner and subject to the categorisation of the mining leases and the amounts payable by the various categories of lease holders, as may be prescribed by the Central Government.]
1. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 9 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
2. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 10 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
3. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 2, for "prospecting licence-cum-mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
4. Ins. by s. 10, ibid. (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
5. Ins. by s. 10, ibid (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
2. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 10 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
3. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 2, for "prospecting licence-cum-mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
4. Ins. by s. 10, ibid. (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
5. Ins. by s. 10, ibid (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
Section 9C National Mineral Exploration and Development Trust. 1 docs
1[National Mineral Exploration and Development Trust.]--- (1) The Central Government shall, by notification, establish a Trust, as a 2[non-profit autonomous body], to be called the 3[National Mineral Exploration and Development Trust].
4[(2) The object of the Trust shall be to use the funds accrued to the Trust within India, including the offshore areas, and outside India for the purposes of regional and detailed exploration and development of mines and minerals in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government.]
(3) The composition and functions of the Trust shall be such as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
(4) The holder of a mining lease or a 5[composite licence] shall pay to the Trust, a sum equivalent to 6[three per cent.] of the royalty paid in terms of the Second Schedule, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government.]
7[(5) The entities specified and notified under sub-section (1) of section 4 shall be eligible for funding under the 3[National Mineral Exploration and Development Trust].]
4[(2) The object of the Trust shall be to use the funds accrued to the Trust within India, including the offshore areas, and outside India for the purposes of regional and detailed exploration and development of mines and minerals in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government.]
(3) The composition and functions of the Trust shall be such as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
(4) The holder of a mining lease or a 5[composite licence] shall pay to the Trust, a sum equivalent to 6[three per cent.] of the royalty paid in terms of the Second Schedule, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government.]
7[(5) The entities specified and notified under sub-section (1) of section 4 shall be eligible for funding under the 3[National Mineral Exploration and Development Trust].]
1. Subs. by Act 28 of 2025, s. 5, for marginal heading (w.e.f. 1-9-2025).
2. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 11, for "non-profit body" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
3. Subs. by Act 28 of 2025, s. 5, for "National Mineral Exploration Trust" (w.e.f. 1-9-2025).
4. Subs. by s. 5, ibid., for sub-section (2) (w.e.f. 1-9-2025).
5. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 2, for "prospecting licence-cum-mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
6. Subs. by Act 28 of 2025, s. 5, for "two per cent." (w.e.f. 1-9-2025).
7. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 11 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
2. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 11, for "non-profit body" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
3. Subs. by Act 28 of 2025, s. 5, for "National Mineral Exploration Trust" (w.e.f. 1-9-2025).
4. Subs. by s. 5, ibid., for sub-section (2) (w.e.f. 1-9-2025).
5. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 2, for "prospecting licence-cum-mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
6. Subs. by Act 28 of 2025, s. 5, for "two per cent." (w.e.f. 1-9-2025).
7. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 11 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
Section 10 Application for mineral concession.
10. 1[Application for mineral concession.]---(1) An application for 2[a 3[mineral concession]] in respect of any land in which the minerals vest in the Government shall be made to the State Government concerned in the prescribed form and shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee.
(2) Where an application is received under sub-section (1), there shall be sent to the applicant an acknowledgment of its receipt within the prescribed time and in the prescribed form.
(3) On receipt of an application under this section, the State Government may, having regard to the provisions of this Act and any rules made thereunder, grant or refuse to grant the 4[permit, licence or lease].
5[(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, no person shall be eligible to make an application under this section unless--
(a) he has been selected in accordance with the procedure specified under 6[sections 10B, 10BA, 11, 11A, 11B or 11D];
(b) he has been selected under the Coal Mines (Special) Provisions Act, 2015 (11 of 2015); or
(c) an area has been reserved in his favour under section 17A.]
(2) Where an application is received under sub-section (1), there shall be sent to the applicant an acknowledgment of its receipt within the prescribed time and in the prescribed form.
(3) On receipt of an application under this section, the State Government may, having regard to the provisions of this Act and any rules made thereunder, grant or refuse to grant the 4[permit, licence or lease].
5[(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, no person shall be eligible to make an application under this section unless--
(a) he has been selected in accordance with the procedure specified under 6[sections 10B, 10BA, 11, 11A, 11B or 11D];
(b) he has been selected under the Coal Mines (Special) Provisions Act, 2015 (11 of 2015); or
(c) an area has been reserved in his favour under section 17A.]
1. Subs. by Act 16 of 2023 s. 8, for the marginal heading (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
2. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 11, for "a prospecting licence or a mining lease" (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
3. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 2, "reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
4. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 11, for "licence or lease" (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
5. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 12 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
6. Subs. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 8, for the words figures and letters "sections 10B, 11, 11A or the rules made under section 11B" (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
2. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 11, for "a prospecting licence or a mining lease" (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
3. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 2, "reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
4. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 11, for "licence or lease" (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
5. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 12 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
6. Subs. by Act 16 of 2023, s. 8, for the words figures and letters "sections 10B, 11, 11A or the rules made under section 11B" (w.e.f. 17-8-2023).
Section 10A Rights of existing concession holders and applicants. 1 docs
1[10A. Rights of existing concession holders and applicants.--(1) All applications received prior to the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015, shall become ineligible.
(2) Without prejudice to sub-section (1), the following shall remain eligible on and from the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015:--
(a) applications received under section 11A of this Act;
(b) where before the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 a reconnaissance permit or prospecting licence has been granted in respect of any land for any mineral, the permit holder or the licensee shall have a right for obtaining a prospecting licence followed by a mining lease, or a mining lease, as the case may be, in respect of that mineral in that land, if the State Government is satisfied that the permit holder or the licensee, as the case may be,--
(i) has undertaken reconnaissance operations or prospecting operations, as the case may be, to establish the existence of mineral contents in such land in accordance with such parameters as may be prescribed by the Central Government;
(ii) has not committed any breach of the terms and conditions of the reconnaissance permit or the prospecting licence;
(iii) has not become ineligible under the provisions of this Act; and
(iv) has not failed to apply for grant of prospecting licence or mining lease, as the case may be, within a period of three months after the expiry of reconnaissance permit or prospecting licence, as the case may be, or within such further period not exceeding six months as may be extended by the State Government;
2[Provided that for the cases covered under this clause including the pending cases, the right to obtain a prospecting licence followed by a mining lease or a mining lease, as the case may be, shall lapse on the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) AmendmentAct, 2021:
Provided further that the holder of a reconnaissance permit or prospecting licence whose rights lapsed under the first proviso, shall be reimbursed the expenditure incurred towards reconnaissance or prospecting operations in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government.]
(c) where the Central Government has communicated previous approval as required under sub-section (1) of section 5 for grant of a mining lease, or if a letter of intent (by whatever name called) has been issued by the State Government to grant a mining lease, before the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015, the mining lease shall be granted subject to fulfilment of the conditions of the previous approval or of the letter of intent within a period of two years from the date of commencement of the said Act:
Provided that in respect of any mineral specified in the First Schedule, no prospecting licence or mining lease shall be granted under clause (b) of this subsection except with the previous approval of the Central Government.
2[(d) in cases where right to obtain licence or lease has lapsed under, clauses (b) and (c), such areas shall be put up for auction as per the provisions of this Act.
Provided that in respect of the minerals specified in Part B of the First Schedule where the grade of atomic mineral is equal to or greater than the thresholdvalue, the mineral concession for such areas shall be granted in accordance with the rules made under section 11B.]
(2) Without prejudice to sub-section (1), the following shall remain eligible on and from the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015:--
(a) applications received under section 11A of this Act;
(b) where before the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 a reconnaissance permit or prospecting licence has been granted in respect of any land for any mineral, the permit holder or the licensee shall have a right for obtaining a prospecting licence followed by a mining lease, or a mining lease, as the case may be, in respect of that mineral in that land, if the State Government is satisfied that the permit holder or the licensee, as the case may be,--
(i) has undertaken reconnaissance operations or prospecting operations, as the case may be, to establish the existence of mineral contents in such land in accordance with such parameters as may be prescribed by the Central Government;
(ii) has not committed any breach of the terms and conditions of the reconnaissance permit or the prospecting licence;
(iii) has not become ineligible under the provisions of this Act; and
(iv) has not failed to apply for grant of prospecting licence or mining lease, as the case may be, within a period of three months after the expiry of reconnaissance permit or prospecting licence, as the case may be, or within such further period not exceeding six months as may be extended by the State Government;
2[Provided that for the cases covered under this clause including the pending cases, the right to obtain a prospecting licence followed by a mining lease or a mining lease, as the case may be, shall lapse on the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) AmendmentAct, 2021:
Provided further that the holder of a reconnaissance permit or prospecting licence whose rights lapsed under the first proviso, shall be reimbursed the expenditure incurred towards reconnaissance or prospecting operations in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government.]
(c) where the Central Government has communicated previous approval as required under sub-section (1) of section 5 for grant of a mining lease, or if a letter of intent (by whatever name called) has been issued by the State Government to grant a mining lease, before the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015, the mining lease shall be granted subject to fulfilment of the conditions of the previous approval or of the letter of intent within a period of two years from the date of commencement of the said Act:
Provided that in respect of any mineral specified in the First Schedule, no prospecting licence or mining lease shall be granted under clause (b) of this subsection except with the previous approval of the Central Government.
2[(d) in cases where right to obtain licence or lease has lapsed under, clauses (b) and (c), such areas shall be put up for auction as per the provisions of this Act.
Provided that in respect of the minerals specified in Part B of the First Schedule where the grade of atomic mineral is equal to or greater than the thresholdvalue, the mineral concession for such areas shall be granted in accordance with the rules made under section 11B.]
1. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 10 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
2. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 13 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
2. Ins. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 13 (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
Section 10B Grant of mining lease in respect of notified minerals through auction. 1 docs
1[10B. Grant of mining lease in respect of notified minerals through auction.--- 2[(1) The provisions of this section shall not apply to the,--
(a) cases falling under section 17A;
(b) minerals specified in Part A of the First Schedule;
(c) minerals specified in Part B of the First Schedule where the grade of atomic mineral is equal to or greater than such threshold value as maybe notified by the Central Government from time to time; or
(d) land in respect of which the minerals do not vest in the Government.]
(2) Where there is inadequate evidence to show the existence of mineral contents of any notified mineral in respect of any area, a State Government may, 3*** grant a 4[composite licence] for the said notified mineral in such area in accordance with the procedure laid down in section 11.
(3) In areas where the existence of mineral contents of any notified mineral is established in the manner prescribed by the Central Government, the State Government shall notify such areas for grant of mining leases for such notified mineral, the terms and conditions subject to which such mining leases shall be granted, and any other relevant conditions, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
5[Provided that where the State Government has not notified such area for grant of mining lease after establishment of existence of mineral contents of any mineral (whether notified mineral or otherwise), the Central Government may require the State Government to notify such area within a period to be fixed in consultation with the State Government and in cases where the notification is not issued within such period, the Central Government may notify such area for grant of mining lease after the expiry of the period so specified.]
(4) For the purpose of granting a mining lease in respect of any notified mineral in such notified area, the State Government shall select, through auction by a method of competitive bidding, including e-auction, an applicant who fulfils the eligibility conditions as specified in this Act.
5[Provided that---
(a) where the State Government has not successfully completed auction for the purpose of granting a mining lease in respect of any mineral (whether notified mineral or otherwise) in such notified area; or
(b) upon completion of such auction, the mining lease or letter of intent for grant of mining lease has been terminated or lapsed for any reason whatsoever,
the Central Government may require the State Government to conduct and complete the auction or re-auction process, as the case may be, within a period to be fixed in consultation with the State Government and in cases where such auction or re-auction process is not completed within such period, the Central Government may conduct auction for grant of mining lease for such area after the expiry of the period so specified:
Provided further that upon successful completion of the auction, the Central Government shall intimate the details of the preferred bidder in the auction to the State Government and the State Government shall grant mining lease for such area to such preferred bidder in such manner as may be prescribed by the CentralGovernment.]
(5) The Central Government shall prescribe the terms and conditions, and procedure, subject to which the auction shall be conducted, including the bidding parameters for the selection, which may include a share in the production of the mineral, or any payment linked to the royalty payable, or any other relevant parameter, or any combination or modification of them.
(6) Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (5), the Central Government shall, if it is of the opinion that it is necessary and expedient to do so, prescribe terms and conditions, procedure and bidding parameters in respect of categories of minerals, size and area of mineral deposits and a State or States, subject to which the auction shall be conducted:
6[Provided that no mine shall be reserved for captive purpose in the auction.]
(7) The State Government shall grant a mining lease to an applicant selected in accordance with the procedure laid down in this section in respect of such notified mineral in any notified area.]
(a) cases falling under section 17A;
(b) minerals specified in Part A of the First Schedule;
(c) minerals specified in Part B of the First Schedule where the grade of atomic mineral is equal to or greater than such threshold value as maybe notified by the Central Government from time to time; or
(d) land in respect of which the minerals do not vest in the Government.]
(2) Where there is inadequate evidence to show the existence of mineral contents of any notified mineral in respect of any area, a State Government may, 3*** grant a 4[composite licence] for the said notified mineral in such area in accordance with the procedure laid down in section 11.
(3) In areas where the existence of mineral contents of any notified mineral is established in the manner prescribed by the Central Government, the State Government shall notify such areas for grant of mining leases for such notified mineral, the terms and conditions subject to which such mining leases shall be granted, and any other relevant conditions, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
5[Provided that where the State Government has not notified such area for grant of mining lease after establishment of existence of mineral contents of any mineral (whether notified mineral or otherwise), the Central Government may require the State Government to notify such area within a period to be fixed in consultation with the State Government and in cases where the notification is not issued within such period, the Central Government may notify such area for grant of mining lease after the expiry of the period so specified.]
(4) For the purpose of granting a mining lease in respect of any notified mineral in such notified area, the State Government shall select, through auction by a method of competitive bidding, including e-auction, an applicant who fulfils the eligibility conditions as specified in this Act.
5[Provided that---
(a) where the State Government has not successfully completed auction for the purpose of granting a mining lease in respect of any mineral (whether notified mineral or otherwise) in such notified area; or
(b) upon completion of such auction, the mining lease or letter of intent for grant of mining lease has been terminated or lapsed for any reason whatsoever,
the Central Government may require the State Government to conduct and complete the auction or re-auction process, as the case may be, within a period to be fixed in consultation with the State Government and in cases where such auction or re-auction process is not completed within such period, the Central Government may conduct auction for grant of mining lease for such area after the expiry of the period so specified:
Provided further that upon successful completion of the auction, the Central Government shall intimate the details of the preferred bidder in the auction to the State Government and the State Government shall grant mining lease for such area to such preferred bidder in such manner as may be prescribed by the CentralGovernment.]
(5) The Central Government shall prescribe the terms and conditions, and procedure, subject to which the auction shall be conducted, including the bidding parameters for the selection, which may include a share in the production of the mineral, or any payment linked to the royalty payable, or any other relevant parameter, or any combination or modification of them.
(6) Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (5), the Central Government shall, if it is of the opinion that it is necessary and expedient to do so, prescribe terms and conditions, procedure and bidding parameters in respect of categories of minerals, size and area of mineral deposits and a State or States, subject to which the auction shall be conducted:
6[Provided that no mine shall be reserved for captive purpose in the auction.]
(7) The State Government shall grant a mining lease to an applicant selected in accordance with the procedure laid down in this section in respect of such notified mineral in any notified area.]
1. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 10 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
2. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 14, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
3. The words ", after obtaining the previous approval of the Central Government," omitted by Act 28 of 2025, s. 6 (w.e.f. 1-9- 2025).
4. Subs. by s. 2, ibid., for "prospecting licence-cum-mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
5. Ins. by s. 14, ibid. (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
6. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 14, for the proviso (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
2. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 14, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
3. The words ", after obtaining the previous approval of the Central Government," omitted by Act 28 of 2025, s. 6 (w.e.f. 1-9- 2025).
4. Subs. by s. 2, ibid., for "prospecting licence-cum-mining lease" (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
5. Ins. by s. 14, ibid. (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).
6. Subs. by Act 16 of 2021, s. 14, for the proviso (w.e.f. 28-3-2021).